This package is the core of Java’s security framework and provides classes and interfaces for cryptography, key management, signing, and secure random number generation. Here’s a structured overview: 1. Purpose of java.security The java.security package provides: Cryptographic operations (encryption, hashing, digital signatures) Key management (creating, storing, retrieving keys) Access control (permissions and security policies)…
Inter-thread communication in Java is a mechanism that allows threads to communicate with each other and coordinate their actions. This is important when threads share resources and need to avoid conflicts or ensure proper sequencing. Java provides built-in ways to achieve this, mainly using wait(), notify(), and notifyAll() methods. Let’s break it down clearly.…
A thread pool in Java is a mechanism to manage a group of reusable threads that can execute tasks concurrently. Instead of creating a new thread every time a task needs to run—which is expensive in terms of memory and CPU—threads are reused from the pool. This improves performance and resource management. Here’s a…
Sure! Let’s go step by step and cover serialization and deserialization in Java in a clear way. 1. What is Serialization? Serialization is the process of converting a Java object into a byte stream, so it can be: Saved to a file Sent over a network Stored in a database This allows the object's…
Thread synchronization in Java is a mechanism that ensures two or more threads do not simultaneously access a shared resource, which could lead to inconsistent data or race conditions. Java provides several ways to handle thread synchronization. Here’s a detailed explanation: 1. Why Synchronization is Needed Consider two threads trying to update the same…
Networking in Java is all about enabling communication between applications or devices over a network, typically using TCP/IP protocols. Java provides a rich set of APIs in the java.net package to handle networking. Let’s break it down step by step. 1. Key Classes in java.net ClassPurposeSocketRepresents a client-side TCP connection.ServerSocketListens for incoming TCP connections…
In Java, annotations are metadata that you can attach to code elements (classes, methods, variables, parameters, packages, etc.) to give additional information to the compiler, tools, or runtime.They do not directly affect the execution of code but can influence it through processing (for example, frameworks like Spring or JUnit use annotations heavily). 1. Basic…
ThreadLocal in Java is a special class that provides thread-local variables. Each thread that accesses a ThreadLocal variable has its own, independently initialized copy of the variable. This is extremely useful when you want to avoid sharing data between threads, such as in cases of per-thread counters, user sessions, or database connections. Here’s a…
In Java, throw, throws, and finally are related to exception handling, but they have very different purposes. 1. throw Purpose: Used inside a method to actually throw an exception object. Syntax: throw new ExceptionType("message"); Key Points: Works with a single exception instance at a time. Control jumps immediately to the nearest matching catch block…
In Java, try, catch, and throws are part of the exception handling system. They let you deal with errors without crashing your program. Here’s the breakdown: 1. try A block of code where you write code that might throw an exception. If an exception happens inside try, Java will look for a matching catch…