Apache Commons is a popular set of reusable Java components developed by the Apache Software Foundation. Its goal is to provide well-tested, reusable code to simplify common programming tasks, so you don’t have to reinvent the wheel. It is widely used in enterprise and open-source projects. Here’s a structured overview: 1. Core Libraries in…
What is Guava? Guava is an open-source Java library developed by Google. It provides a wide variety of core libraries that complement Java’s standard libraries. Guava focuses on making Java programming easier, safer, and more efficient. Some key areas Guava helps with: Collections Caching Functional programming utilities String manipulation Concurrency utilities Hashing I/O utilities…
In Java, I/O Streams are the core mechanism for reading from and writing to data sources such as files, network sockets, memory, or even the console.The term "stream" means a flow of data — either input (reading) or output (writing). 1. Types of Streams Java classifies streams along two main axes: a. Direction Input…
This package is the core of Java’s security framework and provides classes and interfaces for cryptography, key management, signing, and secure random number generation. Here’s a structured overview: 1. Purpose of java.security The java.security package provides: Cryptographic operations (encryption, hashing, digital signatures) Key management (creating, storing, retrieving keys) Access control (permissions and security policies)…
Inter-thread communication in Java is a mechanism that allows threads to communicate with each other and coordinate their actions. This is important when threads share resources and need to avoid conflicts or ensure proper sequencing. Java provides built-in ways to achieve this, mainly using wait(), notify(), and notifyAll() methods. Let’s break it down clearly.…
A thread pool in Java is a mechanism to manage a group of reusable threads that can execute tasks concurrently. Instead of creating a new thread every time a task needs to run—which is expensive in terms of memory and CPU—threads are reused from the pool. This improves performance and resource management. Here’s a…
Sure! Let’s go step by step and cover serialization and deserialization in Java in a clear way. 1. What is Serialization? Serialization is the process of converting a Java object into a byte stream, so it can be: Saved to a file Sent over a network Stored in a database This allows the object's…
Thread synchronization in Java is a mechanism that ensures two or more threads do not simultaneously access a shared resource, which could lead to inconsistent data or race conditions. Java provides several ways to handle thread synchronization. Here’s a detailed explanation: 1. Why Synchronization is Needed Consider two threads trying to update the same…
Networking in Java is all about enabling communication between applications or devices over a network, typically using TCP/IP protocols. Java provides a rich set of APIs in the java.net package to handle networking. Let’s break it down step by step. 1. Key Classes in java.net ClassPurposeSocketRepresents a client-side TCP connection.ServerSocketListens for incoming TCP connections…
In Java, annotations are metadata that you can attach to code elements (classes, methods, variables, parameters, packages, etc.) to give additional information to the compiler, tools, or runtime.They do not directly affect the execution of code but can influence it through processing (for example, frameworks like Spring or JUnit use annotations heavily). 1. Basic…