WebSockets is a communication protocol that enables full-duplex, persistent connections between a client (like a web browser) and a server over a single TCP connection. Here’s a breakdown: Traditional HTTP is request-response based: the client sends a request, and the server responds, then the connection usually closes. WebSockets, on the other hand, keep the…
In Java, wrapper classes are special classes that let you treat primitive data types as objects. They "wrap" a primitive value in an object so it can be used where an object is required (for example, in collections like ArrayList that can’t store primitives directly). 1. Primitive Types & Their Wrapper Classes Primitive typeWrapper…
Introduction to JWT JSON Web Token (JWT) is a compact, URL-safe token format that is used for securely transmitting information between parties as a JSON object. JWT is widely used for authentication and authorization purposes in web applications and APIs. Unlike traditional session-based authentication, JWT allows for stateless authentication, meaning that no session data…