1. What is a Spring Boot Starter? A Spring Boot Starter is a dependency that simplifies adding libraries and configurations to your Spring Boot project.Instead of manually adding multiple dependencies and configurations, you can include a starter, and it will pull all necessary dependencies for you. For example: spring-boot-starter-web → for building REST APIs…
1. Difference Between BeanFactory and ApplicationContext The BeanFactory is the core interface of the Spring IOC (Inversion of Control) container. It is responsible for instantiating, configuring, and managing beans. ApplicationContext is a more advanced Spring IOC container. It builds on BeanFactory and provides additional features like event handling, AOP support, and internationalization. FeatureBeanFactoryApplicationContextLoadingLazy (beans…
The Service Locator Pattern is a design pattern used to provide dependencies (services) to a client without exposing the creation logic. Instead of the client directly instantiating or managing services, it queries a Service Locator, which manages the lifecycle and lookup of services. It is often used to decouple service consumers from concrete implementations.…
A multilayer architecture (also called n-tier architecture) is a way to structure an application into separate layers, each with a specific responsibility. This improves maintainability, scalability, and separation of concerns. Common Layers in Multilayer Architecture: Presentation Layer (UI Layer) Handles user interaction (e.g., web pages, desktop GUI). Example: JSP, Servlets, JavaFX, Swing. Business Logic…
1. Monolithic Architecture Definition: A monolithic application is built as a single unified unit. All components (UI, business logic, database access) are tightly coupled and run as a single process. Characteristics: Single codebase. Tightly coupled components. Easy to develop initially. Harder to scale or update parts independently. Deployment is all-or-nothing. Example: Imagine an e-commerce…
What is Inversion of Control (IoC)? Inversion of Control is a design principle in which the control of object creation and dependency management is transferred from the program to a framework or container. Instead of the class controlling its dependencies, an external entity provides them. This is commonly used to achieve loose coupling. There…
The event-driven pattern (also called event-driven architecture, or EDA) is a software design pattern where components communicate and respond to each other through events rather than direct calls. Instead of one component explicitly invoking methods on another, it emits an event (a signal that something happened), and other components that are interested in that…
1. What is Hexagonal Architecture? Hexagonal Architecture is a design pattern that emphasizes separation of concerns between: Core business logic (the domain) External systems (like databases, web frameworks, APIs, messaging) It achieves this by introducing: Ports: Interfaces that define what the application can do (input/output) Adapters: Implementations of these interfaces to communicate with external…
What is Dependency Injection? Dependency Injection is a design pattern used to implement Inversion of Control (IoC). Instead of a class creating its own dependencies, they are injected from outside. This makes code more flexible, testable, and maintainable. Dependency: An object that another object needs to function. Injection: The act of providing the dependency…
What is CQRS? CQRS is a pattern in software architecture that separates: Commands → operations that change state (Create, Update, Delete) Queries → operations that read state (Get, List, Search) The main idea: read and write operations are handled separately, allowing each to be optimized independently. Benefits: Scalability (reads/writes can scale separately) Clear separation…